Falklands War

Lead-up to conflict
Main article: Events leading to the Falklands War
In the period before the war, and especially following the transfer of power between the military dictators Jorge Rafael Videla of General and General Roberto Eduardo Viola to the end-March 1981, Argentina was in the midst of a devastating economic crisis and large scale civil unrest against the military junta which had been ruling the country since 1976. In December 1981 there was a new change in the Argentine military regime that leads to a new office junta led by General Leopoldo Galtieri (Acting Chairman), Brigadier Basilio Lami Dozo and Admiral Jorge Anaya. Anaya was the chief architect and proponent of a military solution to long-standing claim on the islands, the calculation that the United Kingdom would never respond militarily. In doing so, the government hoped Galtieri mobilize the Argentines longstanding patriotic feelings towards the islands and thus divert public attention from the country's chronic economic problems and human currently in the system of rights violations. Such action would also enhance its legitimacy in decline. The newspaper La Prensa speculated on a Step by step, starting by cutting supplies to the islands, ending with direct actions in late 1982, if the UN talks have been unsuccessful.
The constant tension between the two countries over the islands increased on March 19 when a group of Argentine scrap metal dealers hired hoisted the flag of Argentina in South Georgia, an act that will later be regarded as the first offensive action in the war. The military junta Argentina, suspecting that the UK would reinforce its South Atlantic Forces, ordered the invasion of the Falkland Islands postponed to April 2.
Jorge Admiral Anaya
Britain was initially surprised by the Argentine attack on the islands of the South Atlantic, despite repeated warnings the Royal Navy Captain Nicholas Barker and others. Barker said that the intention expressed in Defense Secretary John Nott, 1981 notice to withdraw from the Royal Navy HMS Endurance, the British naval presence in the South Atlantic, sent a signal to the Argentines that Great Britain did not, and would soon longer able to defend its territories and subjects in the Falklands.
War
Invasion by Argentina
Main article: 1982 invasion Falkland Islands
Main article: Invasion of South Georgia
On April 2, 1982, Argentine forces mounted amphibious landings Islands Falkland, following the civil occupation of South Georgia on March 19 before the Falklands War began. The invasion was met with a defense symbolic organized by the Falklands governor Sir Rex Hunt giving the command to Major Mike Norman, Royal Marines landing of Lieutenant Commander Guillermo Sanchez-Sabarots 'Amphibious Commando Group, Moody Brook barracks attack, the engagement between the troops of Hugo Santillan Trollope and Bill Stanley, and commitment final delivery to the Government in the House.
Publication British response to the invasion
HMS Invincible has been a part of the task force.
Word of the invasion would have first reached Britain via ham radio.
The recovery of the Falkland Islands was considered extremely difficult The main constraint is the disparity in the air deployable cover (the British Harrier aircraft with 34 to Argentina's 220 fighters). The Navy considered a success against the invasion by the British of being "a military impossibility. The United States first attempted to negotiate an end to the conflict. However, when Argentina refused peace overtures from the United States, U.S. Secretary of State Alexander Haig announced that the United States to prohibit arms sales to Argentina and to provide material support to British operations. Both Houses the U.S. Congress passed resolutions supporting the siding of action the United States with the United Kingdom.
In mid-April, Royal Air Force has established an airbase at Wideawake on British mid-Atlantic Overseas Ascension Island, including a major Force Avro Vulcan B Mk 2 bombers, Handley Page Victor K Mk 2 refueling aircraft, and McDonnell Douglas Phantom FGR Mk 2 fighters to protect them. Meanwhile, the main British naval task force arrived at Ascension to prepare for active duty. A small force had already been sent south to return to South Georgia.
Meetings began in April, the British Task Force has been overshadowed by the Boeing 707 of the Argentine Air Force during their travel to the map of south FAA. Many of these flights have been intercepted by BAE Harrier sea outside the exclusion zone imposed by the British, the 707 unarmed were not attacked because diplomatic efforts were still ongoing and the United Kingdom had not yet decided a commitment to armed force. On April 23, a Brazilian commercial Douglas DC-10 Varig Airlines en route to South Africa was stopped by British Harrier who spotted the commercial airliner.
Recapture of South Georgia and the attack on the Santa Fe
The strength of Georgia South Paraquet operation, under the command of Major Guy Sheridan RM, composed of Marines from 42 Commando, a group of Special Air Service (SAS) and Special Boat Service (SBS) troops who were destined to land as reconnaissance forces for an invasion by the Royal Marines. All were embedded on Tidespring FRG. First come Churchill was the class submarine HMS Conqueror, April 19, and the island has been flown by a radar mapping Victor Handley Page, April 20.
The first landings of SAS troops took place on April 21, butith southern hemisphere autumn weather parameter NIHE was so bad that their landings and others the next day were all removed after two helicopters crashed in fog on Fortuna Glacier. On April 23, an alert was triggered submarine operations were interrupted, with the Tidespring be withdrawn deeper waters to avoid interception. On April 24, British forces regrouped and headed to the attack.
On April 25, after the supply of the Argentine garrison on South Georgia, the submarine ARA Santa Fe was detected on the surface by a Westland Wessex HAS Mk 3 helicopter HMS Antrim, which has attacked the Argentine submarine with depth charges. HMS Plymouth has launched a Westland Wasp helicopter HAS.Mk.1, and HMS Brilliant launched a Westland Lynx Mk 2. The Lynx has launched a torpedo, and strafed the submarine with its assembly mounted General Purpose Machine Gun, the Wessex also fired on the Santa Fe with GPMG. Wasp from HMS Plymouth as well as two other Wasps launched from HMS Endurance ship missile fired AS-12 ASM to the submarine, scoring hits. Santa Fe has been damaged badly enough to prevent it from diving. The crew abandoned the submarine docked at King Edward Point on South Georgia.
With Tidespring now far out to sea and Argentine forces augmented by the crew of the submarine, Major Sheridan decided to gather 76 men he had and make a direct attack against that day. After a short in March forced by British troops, Argentine forces surrendered without resistance. The message sent by the naval force in South Georgia in London was "pleased to inform Her Majesty that the White Ensign flies alongside the Union Jack in South Georgia. God Save the Queen. "Prime Minister Thatcher broke the news to the media, telling them just "rejoice as new!"
Black Buck raids
Main article: Operation Black Buck
RAF Avro Vulcan strategic bomber B.Mk.2.
On a British operations can over the Falkland Islands opened with the "Black Buck 1" attack (of a series of five) on the airfield Stanley. The overall effect of the raids on the war is difficult to determine, and the raids of precious oil resources consumed. Raids do damage Minimal to the runway and damage was quickly repaired radar. Commonly dismissed as propaganda after the war, sources were Argentina Original source claims that the Vulcan raids influenced Argentina to withdraw some of its Mirage III of southern Argentina to the area Buenos Aires Defense. This deterrent effect has been diluted, however, where the British authorities said there would no strikes on air bases in Argentina.
Of the five Black Buck raids, three were against Stanley Airfield, with two other missions anti-radar missile with anti-Pius radiation.
The escalation of the air war
Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm Harrier FRS1 Wed. The color scheme flaming has been changed to a dull one in southern route.
The Falklands had only three airfields. The longest paved runway and was only to the capital, Stanley, and even he was too short to support fast jets. Therefore, the Argentines have been forced to launch their major strikes the continent, which hampers their efforts directed forward, combat air patrols and close air support over the islands. Time to stroll among effective incoming Argentine aircraft is low, and they were then forced to fly the British forces in any attempt to attack the islands.
The first major Argentine strike force composed of 36 Boeing (McDonnell Douglas A-4 Skyhawk, Israel Aircraft Industries daggers, English Electric Canberra B Mk 62, Dassault Mirage III and chaperones), and was sent on 1 May, in the belief that the British invasion was imminent or had already landings occurred. Only part of Grupo 6 (IAI Dagger aircraft flight) have found ships, which fired the Argentine defense, near the islands. The Daggers managed to attack ships and return safely. This has greatly boosted the morale of the Argentinian pilots, who now knew they could survive an attack against modern warships, protected by ground radar echoes of the islands and a thin profile by using pop-ups.
Meanwhile, other Argentine aircraft were intercepted by BAE Wed. Harriers operating from HMS Invincible. A dagger and Canberra have been slaughtered.
Argentina IIIEA Force Mirage air. Their lack of aerial refueling capability prevented them from being used effectively on the islands in the air-air role.
Fighting erupted between Sea Harrier FRS Mk 1 fighters of No 801 Naval Air Squadron and Mirage III Grupo 8. Both sides have refused to fight at altitude addition to the other, until two Mirages finally descended to engage. One was shot down by a missile AIM-9L Sidewinder air-air (AAM), while the other escaped, but was damaged and without enough fuel to return to its base continental air. The plane made for Stanley where he was the victim of friendly fire in Argentine defenders.
Following this experience, Argentine Air Force has decided to employ staff A-4 Skyhawk and daggers through units to strike the Canberras only at night, and the Mirage III (without refueling capability or ability MAO) as appellants to poach British Sea Harrier. The lure is then extended to the formation of escuadrón Fenix, a squadron of civilian aircraft flying 24 simulated hours per day attack aircraft preparing to attack the fleet. On one such flight, an Air Force Learjet was shot down, killing the squadron commander, Vice Commodore Rodolfo De La Colina, the highest ranking officer to die in the war Argentina.
A Royal Navy Sea King helicopter Rescue Sqn Ldr Jerry Pook, after have been forced to shore up the sea's Harrier GR3 was hit by ground fire west of Stanley on May 30.
Stanley was used as a strength Argentina throughout the conflict. Despite the black and Buck Harrier raids on the airfield at Stanley (not fast jets were stationed there for Air Defence) and night bombardment by the ships detached, it has never been out of action entirely. Stanley was defended by mixed-air missiles (SAM) systems (Franco-German Roland and Tigercat UK) and built in Switzerland Oerlikon 35mm twin anti-aircraft guns. Lockheed Hercules transportation night brought supplies, weapons, vehicles and fuel, and transported the injured to the end of the conflict. The few RN Harriers Sea were considered too precious to risk a day in the night-time operations, blockade, and Blue Fox radar was not effectively monitored by radar from land.
The Argentina that Hercules killed by the British was lost on June 1 when TC-63 was intercepted by a Sea Harrier in broad daylight when he was in search of the British fleet in the north of the islands after the Argentine Navy retired its last SP-2H Neptune due to attrition of the cell.
Various options to attack the port of Etendard Argentine five Ro Grande have been examined and updated (Operation Mikado), and five submarines of the Royal Navy aligned, submerged, on the edge of the Argentina 12-mile territorial limit supply an early warning of bombings on British task force
Sinking of Belgrano
See also: ARA General Belgrano sinking of
The ARA General Belgrano flowing.
Two separate task of the British naval forces (surface ships and submarines) and the Argentine fleet operating in the area of the Falklands, and soon came into conflict. The first naval defeat of World War II vintage light cruiser ARA General Argentina Belgrano. The nuclear submarine HMS Conqueror Belgrano sunk, May 2 Three hundred twenty-three members of the Belgrano crew died in the incident. Of the 700 men were rescued from the ocean open despite the cold seas and storms. The loss of Belgrano totaled just over half of Argentine deaths in the Falklands conflict and the loss ARA General Belgrano hardened the position of the Argentine government.
Regardless of controversies over the sinking, he had a crucial strategic effect: the elimination Argentine naval threat. After his loss, the Argentine fleet, with the exception of conventional submarine ARA San Luis, returned to port and do not leave for the duration of hostilities. The two escort destroyers and battle group centered on the aircraft carrier ARA Veinticinco Mayo withdrew from the area, putting end to the direct threat to the British fleet that had represented their pincers.
In a separate incident later that night, the British forces, a patrol Argentina, ARA Alferez Sobral. At the time, the Alferez Sobral was looking for the crew of Argentina Air Force English Electric light Canberra bomber shot down on 1 May Two Royal Navy Lynx fired four Sea Skua missiles against it. Badly damaged and with eight crew members died, the Sobral managed to return to Puerto Deseado two days later, but the crew never Canberra found.
Initial reports confused the two incidents, which contributes to confusion about the number of victims and the identity of the ship that sank. The British tabloid The Sun has welcomed the initial report of the attack with the title "Gotcha". This first edition was published before the news knew that the Belgrano had actually cast (instead of reports, incorrectly, that the gunboat had sunk) and did not report actual Argentina deaths. The title was replaced in later editions by the somewhat more temperate "Have 1200 Argia drown?".
Shipwreck HMS Sheffield
See also: Sinking of HMS Sheffield
French-built Super Etendard Argentine naval aviation.
On May 4, two days after the sinking of the Belgrano, the British lost the Type 42 destroyer HMS Sheffield to fire following an Exocet missile strike. Sheffield had been ordered before with two other 42 Type of providing long range radar and medium-altitude missile picket near the British aircraft carrier. She was struck amidships, with devastating effects, ultimately killing 20 crew members and seriously injuring 24 others. The ship was abandoned a few hours later, gutted and deformed by the fires continue to burn for more than six days. She finally sank outside the maritime area Exclusion May 10
The incident is described in detail by Admiral Sandy Woodward in his book One Hundred-Days, Chapter One. Woodward was former commander of Sheffield.
The operational tempo has increased during the second half of May that the United Nations attempts to mediate a peace were rejected by the British, who felt that any delay would make a campaign practice in the storms of the South Atlantic. The destruction of Sheffield has had a profound impact on the British public, bringing home the fact that the Falklands "crisis", according to BBC News said, was now a shooting war real.
SAS operations
propaganda leaflet for the British-Argentine soldiers dropped during the Falklands Conflict. Entitled Islands the condemned, "it warns Argentine naval ships and aircraft not to enter into the exclusion zone of the Falkland Islands.
Given the threat to the British fleet posed by the combination-Etendard Exocet, plans were made to the use of SAS troops to attack the base the house of the Standard five Ro Grande, Tierra del Fuego. The operation was code named "Mikado". The aim was to destroy missiles and aircraft that carried them, and kill the pilots in their neighborhoods. Two plans have been developed and have undergone preliminary repetition: a landing of about fifty-five SAS in two C-130 Hercules on the track in Rio Grande, and the infiltration of twenty-four inflatable boats provided by SAS to few miles from the coast by submarine. Neither plan was implemented, the plan earlier airborne assault attracted a lot of hostility from some Member of SAS, which examined the raid has proposed a suicide mission. Ironically, the region of Rio Grande would be defended by force of four full battalions of infantry Navy Marine Corps of Argentina Argentine Navy, some officers have been trained in the United Kingdom by SBS years ago.
After the war, Argentine Navy commanders admitted that they expected some kind of landing by SAS forces, but do not expect to land a Hercules directly on their tracks, but British forces have continued, even in Chilean territory, they were attacked.
A team of Recognition SAS has been sent to carry out preparations for infiltration by sea. A Westland Sea King helicopter carrying the team assigned departed on HMS Invincible during the night of May 17, but bad weather forced it to land 50 miles (80 km) from its target and the mission was abandoned. The pilot went down in Chile and the SAS team, before setting fire to his helicopter and delivered to the Chilean authorities. The discovery of the Holocaust to the helicopter drew international attention at the time.
On May 14, SAS made the raid on Pebble Island in the Falklands, where the Argentine Navy has taken over a grass airfield for FMA IA 58 Pucara light attack aircraft soil and T-34 Mentors. The raid destroyed the aircraft there.
Landing at San Carlos Bomb Alley
Main article: Operation Sutton
Context landings in the Falklands.
landing sites of San Carlos.
An Argentine Air Force A-4C Skyhawk flying to the islands.
Gate guardian painted the colors of the last A-4Q of the Argentine Navy to attack HMS Ardent. The pilot Lieutenant Marcelo Gustavo Mrquez was killed in action.
During night, May 21, British amphibious Working Group under the command of Commodore Michael Clapp (Commodore, Amphibious Warfare – COMAW) mounted Operation Sutton amphibious landing on beaches around San Carlos Water, on the northwest coast of East Falkland Sound Falkland overlooking. The bay, known as the Bomb Alley by British forces, was the scene of repeated attacks from the air jets at low altitude Argentina.
4.000 men of 3 Commando Brigade were grounded as follows: 2nd Battalion of the Parachute Regiment (2 Para) Ferry Norland and 40 Commando (Royal Marines) from HMS Fearless amphibious ship were landed at San Carlos (Blue Beach), 3 by the amphibious ship HMS Intrepid were landed at Port San Carlos (Green Beach) and RFA Stromness 45 Commando were landed at Ajax Bay (Red Beach). Including waves of 8 LCUs and 8 were LCVP directed by Ewen Southby-Major Tailyour who had commanded the detachment of the Falklands only a year ago. 42 Commando on the liner SS Canberra was a reserve tactics. Units of the Royal Artillery, Royal Engineers etc. and tanks have also been landed with the landing craft, the cycle class Table mexeflote LSL and barges. Rapier missile launchers were performed as underslung loads Sea King for rapid deployment.
At dawn The next day, they had established a solid beachhead on which to conduct offensive operations. From there Brigadier Thompson's plan was to capture Darwin and Goose Green before turning towards Port Stanley. Now, with British troops on the ground, the Argentine Air Force began the night bombing campaign cons use the Canberra bombers until the last day of the war (June 14).
At sea, the paucity of air defense of ships British "has been demonstrated in the sinking of HMS Ardent May 21, HMS Antelope on May 21, and the MV Atlantic Conveyor (hit by two Exocet AM39) May 25 with vital cargo of helicopters, equipment for construction of the runway and tents. The loss of all but one of the Chinook helicopters being carried by the Atlantic Conveyor was a severe blow from a logistics standpoint. Also lost that day was HMS Coventry, a sister to HMS Sheffield, whilst in the company of HMS Broadsword after being ordered to act as a decoy to lead other Argentine aircraft ships in the bay of San Carlos. HMS Argonaut and HMS Brilliant were seriously damaged. However, many British ships escaped damage terminal Because of the bombing tactics Argentine pilots.
To avoid the highest concentration of British air defense, the Argentinian pilots released ordnance very low altitude, and therefore their rocket bombs did not have enough time to arm before impact. The release of low-delay bombs (Some of which were sold to Argentina by the British years earlier) meant that many never exploded, as there was not enough time in the air for them to arm themselves. A single bomb will fall free, in a low-level output, almost directly below the aircraft impact which is then in the kill zone of the fragmentation of the explosion. A bomb has delayed a small drogue parachute opened to air or to reduce speed the bomb to produce a reliable separation between the two. The rocket delayed for a bomb requires a minimum of time over which the timer is to ensure open safe separation. The pilots were aware of this, but due to high levels of concentration necessary to avoid the SAMs and AAA and the British Sea Harrier, failed to climb to the exit point necessary. The problem was solved by installing Extempore retarding devices, allowing low-level bombing attacks as employees, June 8
In his autobiographical account of the Falklands War, Admiral Woodward accuses the BBC World Service for these changes to bombs. The World Service reported the lack of detonations after having received a briefing on the issue of an official of the Ministry of Defence. He described the BBC as being more concerned to be "applicants fearless of the truth "than the lives of British soldiers. Colonel 'H'. Jones has brought similar charges against the BBC after have revealed the imminent British attack on Goose Green by 2 Para. Jones had threatened to conduct the prosecution of senior BBC for treason, but was unable to do so because he was himself killed in action near Goose Green.
Thirteen bombs hit British ships without exploding. Lord Craig Marshall retired from the Royal Air Force, said, remarked: "Six better fuses [sic] and we would have lost" well Ardent and Antelope were lost despite the bombs failed to explode. The Rockets have functioned properly, and the bombs were simply released too low altitude. The Argentines have lost 22 aircraft in the attacks.
Battle of Goose Green
East Falkland showing San Carlos bridgehead, Teal Inlet, Mt Kent and Mount Challenger.
Main article: Battle of Goose Green
From the beginning, May 27 until May 28, 2 Para, (500 men) with the support of artillery 8 (Alma battery) Commando (Royal Artillery) approached and attacked Darwin and Goose Green, which was held by the 12th Infantry Regiment Argentina. After a fierce battle that lasted all night and the next day, 17 British and 47 soldiers were killed Argentina. In total, 961 Argentine soldiers (including 202 staff Air Force Airfield Argentine Condor) were captured.
The BBC has announced the capture of Goose Green on the BBC World Service before it really happened. It was during this attack that Lieutenant-Colonel H. Jones, the commander of 2 Para was killed during the charge in Argentina well prepared positions at the head of his battalion. He was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross.
With the strength not negligible Argentina at Goose Green Road, British forces were now able to get out of the beachhead in San Carlos. On 27 May, males 45 Commando and 3 Para launched March 1 charged in East Falkland to the coastal village of Teal Inlet.
Special forces on Mount Kent
During this time, 42 Commando ready to go by helicopter to Mount Kent. Unknown to British officials, the Argentine generals were determined attached to British troops in the region of Mount Kent, and May 27 and May 28 they sent transport planes loaded with Blowpipe surface to air missiles and commandos (602nd and 601st Commando Company of the National Gendarmerie Special Forces Squadron Canadian) to Stanley. This operation was named Operation AUTOIMPUESTA (Self-Determination Initiative).
For next week, the Special Air Service (SAS) and Mountain and Arctic warfare Framework 3 Commando Brigade conducted combat patrols with intense patrol volunteers 602nd Commando Company under Major Aldo Rico, normally 2IC of the 22nd Infantry Mountain Regiment. Throughout 30 May, the Royal Air Force Harriers were active on Mount Kent. One Harrier XZ 963 flown by Squadron Leader Jerry Pook to answer a call using the D Squadron, attacked Mount Kent East lower slopes, which led to destruction by fire arms light. Pook was subsequently awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross.
Entrenched Argentine soldiers.
The Argentine Navy used their Exocet AM39 last attempt to attack the HMS Invincible, 30 May There are claims the missile hit, but the British have denied this, some arguing that the HMS Avenger He shot.
On May 31, the Royal Marines Mountain and Arctic warfare Framework (M & AWC) beat Argentina special forces at the battle Top Malo House. A 13-strong Argentine Army Commando detachment (captain Jose Vercesi the 1st Division attack, 602nd Commando Company) found itself trapped in the house of a little shepherd Top Malo. The commandos fired Argentina windows and doors, then took refuge in a river bed 200 meters (700 feet) from the burning house. Completely surrounded, they fought 19 M & AWC Marines commanded by Captain Rod Boswell for forty-five minutes until, with their ammunition nearly exhausted, they chose to surrender.
Three members of the Framework have been seriously injured. On the Argentine side there were two dead, including the Lieutenant Ernesto Espinoza and Sergeant Mateo Sbert (which have been decorated for bravery). Only five Argentines have been spared. As the British wiped Top Malo House, down from Malo Hill came Lieutenant Fraser's M & AWC Haddow patrol, brandishing a large flag of the Union. A soldier wounded Argentina, Lieutenant Horacio Losito, commented that their escape route should have taken the position Haddow.
Major Mario Castagneto Commandos six hundred and first tried to move forward on Kawasaki motorcycles and Land Rover requisitioned to save 602nd Commando Company Mountain Estancia. Spotted by 42 Commando Royal Marines, they were engaged with 81 mm mortars and forced to withdraw two sisters mountain. Villarruel Captain Eduardo on Estancia Mountain made his position became untenable and after conferring with fellow officers ordered a withdrawal.
The operation also saw Argentina's extensive use of helicopter support to the position and patrols of the extract the six hundred and first Combat Aviation Battalion also suffered casualties. Around 11:00 on May 30, an Aerospatiale SA-330 Puma has been reduced by a shoulder launched Stinger surface to air missile (SAM) fired by the SAS in the vicinity of Mount Kent. Six of gendarmerie special forces were killed and eight others injured in the accident.
Brigadier Julian Thompson said: "It is fortunate that I had ignored the views expressed by Northwood that reconnaissance of Mount Kent before the insertion of 42 Commando was superfluous. If D Squadron was not there, the Argentine special forces commandos have taken before landing and in darkness and confusion on a strange landing zone, inflicting heavy losses on men and helicopters. "
Bluff Cove and Fitzroy
Main article: Bluff Cove disaster
The wreckage RFA Sir Tristram abandoned in Fitzroy.
On 1 June, with the arrival of a new 5,000 British soldiers of the 5th Infantry Brigade, the new commander of the British division, Major-General Jeremy Moore RM, had sufficient force to begin planning an offensive against Stanley [ref. necessary]
During this accumulation, the air assault Argentine British naval forces continued, killing 56. Among the dead, 32 were Welsh Guards on RFA Sir Galahad and RFA Sir Tristram, June 8 According to the medical commander Rick Jolly from the Falklands Field Hospital, 150 men suffered burns and injuries of any kind in the attack, including famous Simon Weston.
The guards were sent in support of an advance rushing along the southern gate of Stanley. On June 2 small advance party of 2 Para moved to Swan Inlet House in a number of Army Westland Scout helicopters. Fitzroy call before they discovered the area Argentines and clear (ultra vires) commandeered the rest Chinook helicopter frantically ferry another contingent of 2 Para advance Fitzroy (Regulation on port Pleasant) and Bluff Cove (Regulation of confusion, and perhaps ultimately fatally, on the Fitzroy Harbour).
This advance coordinated planning caused nightmares for the commanders of the combined operation, as they were with 30 miles (48 km) of the chain positions indefensible on their southern flank. Support could not be sent by air as the only remaining Chinook was already heavily oversubscribed. Soldiers may March, but their heavy equipment and supplies should be transported by sea. Plans have been established for half of the guards Welsh-March light on the night of June 2, while the Scots Guards and the second half of the Welsh Guards were to be transported to San Carlos Water in logistics Landing Ship (LSL) Sir Tristram and the platform of the landing platform (LPD) Intrepid on the night of June 5 Intrepid was scheduled to stay one day and unload itself and that much of Sir Tristram as possible, leaving the following evening for the relative safety of San Carlos. Escorts would be provided for the day, after Sir Tristram was left to unload using a Mexeflote (A raft powered) for as long as it took to finish.
The political pressure from above not to risk the HPA Commodore Clapp forced to modify this plan. Two LSLs lesser value would be sent, but no suitable beaches on which land, landing craft Intrepid would need to accompany them to unload. A complex operation through several nights with Intrepid and Fearless sister ship sailing half-way mark of their shipping business has been designed. The land sought by the March half of the Welsh Guards failed, probably because they refused to light in March and tried to carry their equipment. They returned to San Carlos and have been discharged directly in Bluff Cove where Fearless sent her landing craft. Sir Tristram sailed on the night of June 6 and was joined by Sir Galahad at dawn the June 7 Anchored 1200 feet (370 m) in the marina, landing ships were near Fitzroy, the designated landing point.
The landing craft should have been able to unload ships at this point fairly quickly, but the confusion on the point of landing ordered (The first half of the Guard goes directly to Bluff Cove) has led to the Welsh Guards infantry senior officers on its troops by insisting be ferried the longest distance directly to Port Fitzroy Cove / Bluff. The alternative was for the infantry to march by the recently repaired bridge Bluff Cove (Destroyed by the withdrawal of combat engineers Argentina) to their destination, a journey of about seven miles (11 km).
On the stern Sir Galahad, there was an argument that to do. The flight attendants were told they could not navigate at Bluff Cove that day. They said they had to get their men off the ship and on the track as soon as possible that the ships were vulnerable to enemy aircraft. It would take 20 minutes to transport men to the ground using the local currency and Mexeflote. They then have the choice to walk the 7 miles to Bluff Cove or wait for dark to navigate. The flight attendants said they remain on board until nightfall, then sailing. They refused to take their men off the ship. They may doubt that the bridge had been repaired due to the presence on board the Sir Galahad of the troupe Royal engineer whose job was to repair the bridge. Welsh Guards wished to join the rest of their battalion who were potentially facing the enemy without their support. They also saw no enemy aircraft since the arrival San Carlos and perhaps been more confident in air defense. Ewen Southby-Tailyour gave a direct order for men to leave the ship and go to beach. The order was ignored.
The longer travel time of the landing craft taking the troops directly in Bluff Cove and quarrels on how the landing was being effected caused an enormous delay in unloading. This has had disastrous consequences. Without escort had not yet established their air defense, and still almost fully charged, the two LSLs in Port Pleasant were sitting targets for two waves of Argentina A-4 Skyhawk.
The disaster at Port Pleasant (although often known as Bluff Cove) to provide the world with some of the dark images of war as television news footage showed helicopters in the Navy in thick smoke hovered winch survivors from ships landing burning. British losses were 48 killed and 115 wounded. 3 Argentinian pilots were also killed. However, Argentina Mario Menendez general, commander of the Argentine forces in the Falklands, said that 900 British soldiers have died. It is expected that losses would cause morale the enemy to fall and the British attack to stall.
The fall of Stanley
British paratroops guard prisoners of war Argentine Cleaning of Port Stanley.
Notable battles:
Battle of Mount Harriet
Battle of Mount Longdon
Battle of Wireless Ridge
Battle of Mount Tumbledown
Battle of Two Sisters
On the night of June 11, after several days of painstaking reconnaissance and logistic build-up, British forces launched an attack Night size of a brigade against the heavily defended hills ring around Stanley. Units of 3 Commando Brigade, supported by naval gunfire from several Royal Navy ship, simultaneously attacked in the Battle of Mount Harriet, Battle of Two Sisters, and the Battle of Mount Longdon. Mount Harriet was taken a cost of 2 British and 18 Argentine soldiers. Has two sisters, the British face of enemy resistance in both friendly fire, but managed to capture their objectives. The hardest part was the battle of Mount Longdon. The British forces have been bogged down by an assault rifle, mortars, machine guns, artillery, sniper fire and ambushes. Despite this, the British continued their advance.
During this battle, 13 were killed when HMS Glamorgan straying too close to shore, while returning from the firing line, was struck by an improvised trailer-based launcher Exocet MM38 making Segou destroyer ARA by technicians of the Argentine Navy. On that day, Sergeant Ian McKay of 4 Platoon, B Company, 3 Para was killed in a grenade attack a bunker on Argentina, which won him the Victoria Cross posthumously. After a night of fierce fighting, all objectives were secured. Both parties suffered heavy losses.
The night of June 13 saw the start of the second phase of attacks, including the momentum of the initial assault was maintained. For two captured with the support of Wireless Ridge Reservoir in the Battle of Wireless Ridge, a loss of 3 British and 25 deaths Argentina, and the 2nd Battalion, Scots Guards captured Mount Tumbledown at the Battle of Mount Tumbledown, which cost the British 10 killed and 30 dead Argentinians.
A pile of discarded weapons Argentine Port Stanley.
With the last natural defense line of Mount Tumbledown breached, the defense of the Argentine city of Stanley began to falter. In the morning darkness, a company commander got lost and his junior officers became depressed. Private Santiago Carrizo of the 3rd Regiment described how a platoon commander ordered them to take positions in the houses and "if a Kelpe resists, shoot him", but society as a whole has nothing to so.
The Argentine garrison commander at Stanley, Brigadier General Mario Menndez, given to Major-General Moore Jeremy. 9800 Argentine troops were prisoners of war and some 4,167 under the command of Major Carlos Eduardo Carrizo-Salvadores, were repatriated on the SS Argentina Canberra alone.
Discount Uruguay Corbeta
June 20, the British took over South Sandwich Islands, (which means accepting the surrender of the garrison of South at the Thule base Corbeta Uruguay) and declared the hostilities over. Argentina has established Corbeta Uruguay in 1976, but before 1982, the United Kingdom had denied the existence of the Argentine base only through diplomatic channels.
Casualties
"Monumento a los Cados in Malvinas" (Monument for the dead the Falkland Islands) in Plaza San Martín, Buenos Aires.
Argentine Military Cemetery, on East Falkland.
San Carlos War Memorial and Cemetery, the islands Falkland.
In all 907 were killed during the 74 days of the conflict:
Argentina – 649
Ejrcito Argentino (Army) – 194 (16 officers, 35 NCOs soldiers and 143 conscripts)
Armada from Repblica Argentina (Navy) – 341 (including 321 and 4 in Belgrano Naval aviators)
Imara (Marines) – 34
Fuerza Area Argentina (Air Force) – 55 (including 31 pilots and 14 crew on the ground)
Gendarme Argentina Nacional (Border Guard) – 7
Prefectura Naval Argentina (Coast Guard) – 2
civilian mariners – 16
United Kingdom – 258
Royal Navy – 86 + 2 Hong Kong launderers (see below)
Royal Marines – 27 (2 officers, 14 noncommissioned officers and 11 sailors)
Royal Fleet Auxiliary – 4 + 4 Hong Kong launderers
Shipping – 2 6 + Hong Kong Marine
Army UK – 123 (7 officers, 40 NCOs and 76 soldiers)
Royal Air Force – 1 (an agent)
Falkland Islands civilians – 3 (3 women killed by friendly fire)
Of the 86 members of the Royal Navy, 22 were lost aboard HMS Ardent, 19 + 1 lost in HMS Sheffield, 18 + 1 lost in HMS Coventry and 13 lost in HMS Glamorgan. Fourteen marine cooks were among the dead, the largest number in any one agency to the Royal Navy.
Thirty-three of the Army British died came from the Welsh Guards, 21 3rd Battalion, The Parachute Regiment, 18 2nd Battalion, The Parachute Regiment, 19 Special Air Service (SAS) 3 from the Royal Signals and 8 of each of the Scots Guards and Royal Engineers.
As memories of the islands, there is a memorial to British war dead in the crypt of St Paul's Cathedral in London. There is a monument to the Plaza San Martín in Buenos Aires for the Argentine war dead, another in Rosario, and a third to Ushuaia.
During the war, British dead were placed in plastic bags and buried in mass graves. After the war, bodies have been removed, since the funeral and burial. Argentine dead were buried on the islands during the war. UK offered to send the bodies back to Argentina, but Argentina refused, knowing that the rest would ensure a continuous presence in Argentina on the islands. It is a cemetery for the dead on the Argentine Islands.
There were 1,188 British casualties and 777 Argentina Non-fatal. More info field hospitals and hospital ships is at Ajax Bay, List of hospitals and hospital ships of the Royal Navy, HMS Hydra. On the side Argentine side of the military hospital in Port Stanley, the Argentine Air Force Mobile Field Hospital was deployed to Comodoro Rivadavia and ships of the Argentine Navy ARA Almirante Irizar ARA Bahia Paraiso and have been converted into hospital ships
Although some have been cleared, a significant number of landmines still exist in the islands, like this in Port William on East Falkland.
There are another 125 uncleared minefields in the islands Falkland unexploded ordnance are scattered across the battle field because of the soft peat soil. According forcesmemorial.org.uk via Falklands 25 Years "Commemorative Official publication of the "30 British soldiers have died in the islands since the end of hostilities.
See also Argentine and British ground forces in the Falklands War
Consequences
Main article: aftermath of the Falklands War
This short war has many implications all parties involved, besides the loss of many lives and material.
In the United Kingdom, Margaret Thatcher won the time and support she needed for his economic policies to take effect, national pride has received a boost of confidence and assurance, the Royal Navy proved its value once more. Subsequently, Nott proposed reductions in the Royal Navy have been abandoned.
The islanders had subsequently British citizenship restored in 1983, their way of life was improved through investments made Britain after the war and the economic liberalization measures that had blocked by fear of angering Argentina. In 1985 a new constitution was promulgated to promote self-government, which has continued to delegate power to the island.
The war of Argentina also had an effect in the form to avoid possible war with Chile and, more importantly, the return of democracy. He had a great social impact, destroying the image of the military reserve, the nation's moral they had maintained for much of the 20th century.
Public relations
Argentina
Selected war correspondents were routinely carried out at Port Stanley in military aircraft to report on the war. Back in Buenos Aires newspapers and magazines faithfully reported on "the heroic actions of the large conscript army and its success.
The intelligence officers were attached to newspapers and "leaks" of information supporting the government officially communicated. The glossy magazines and Gente Siete Das inflated sixty pages color photographs of British warships in flames – many of them fakes – and the reports of eyewitnesses faux guerrilla commandos Argentine War in South Georgia and the May 6 attack on a pilot already dead on HMS Hermes Pucara (Lt. Daniel Antonio Jukic had been killed Goose Green during a British air raid on 1 May). Most false picture actually came from the tabloid press.
The Argentine troops on the Falkland Islands could read newspaper Gaceta Argentina to boost morale for soldiers. Some of his falsehoods could easily be revealed by the soldiers recovered the bodies.
The course Malvinas United Argentines in a patriotic atmosphere that protected the junta's critics, and even opponents the military government supported Galtieri, Ernesto Sabato said: "Make no mistake, Europe is not a dictatorship that is fighting for the Malvinas Nation is all. Opponents of the military dictatorship, like me, struggle to eradicate the last vestiges of colonialism. "Even the Madres de Plaza Mayo have been exposed to threats of death to ordinary people.
HMS Invincible has been repeatedly cast in the Argentine press, and April 30 1982 Argentine magazine Tal Cual UK PM Thatcher showed an eyepatch and the text: Pirate, witch and murderer. Guilty!
Three journalists British envoy to Argentina to cover the war from the "other side" have been imprisoned until the end of the war.
UK
The Sun's "Gotcha" overall.
Seventeen newspaper reporters, two photographers, two radio journalists and three television journalists with five technicians sailed with the Task Force for the war. Newspaper publishers Association selected among 160 candidates, excluding media foreigners. Due to the hasty departure, not all of them were "the stuff": two journalists HMS Invincible interested in anything other than the Queen Elizabeth II is the son of Prince Andrew.
The merchant ships the uplink civil Inmarsat who has written telex and audio satellite transmission report. Canberra had a facsimile machine that was used to download images 202 South Atlantic during the war. The Royal Navy leased bandwidth on the system of U.S. Defense Satellite Communications Communications worldwide. TV ask a thousand times the data rate of the phone, but the MoD has failed to convince the United States to allocate more bandwidth. TV producers suspected that the investigation was half-heart, from images Television's Vietnam War victims and traumatized soldiers were recognized as having a value of negative propaganda. But technology alone has permit the downloading of a single framework for 20 minutes – and only if the military satellites have been assigned to 100% of television programs. Videotapes were sent to Ascension Island, where a satellite link to broadband is available, resulting TV coverage to be delayed by three weeks.
The press was highly dependent on the Royal Navy, and has been censored on the website. Many journalists UK knew more about war than with the Task Force.
The Royal Navy Fleet Street is expected to lead a campaign of World War II style positive news, but the majority of the British press, including the BBC, reported the war in a neutral manner. The journalists called "the British troops "and" Argentine troops "instead of" our boys "and dehumanization" Argia ". The two main tabloid newspapers presented opposing views: The Daily Mirror has been resolutely anti-war, while the sun has become notorious for its jingoistic headlines and xenophobia, including the title April 20 "Stick It Up Your Junta!", and was convicted of the "Gotcha" as following the sinking of ARA General Belgrano.
The cultural impact
Main article: The cultural impact of the Falklands War
Cover of Newsweek 19 April 1982. HMS Hermes photo.
There were major influences on popular culture, both in the United Kingdom and Argentina, the immediate post-war today. The words and Exocet yomp entered the vernacular the British after the war. The Falklands War also provided material for theater, cinema and theater and television production influenced musicians, including (among others) Iron Maiden, Pink Floyd, New Order, Gang of Four, Joe Jackson, Crass, Dire Straits (Brothers in arms song was played in memory of fallen soldiers), New Model Army, The Levellers, Steve Dahl, Latin Quarter, the Super Furry Animals, and Elvis Costello, whose song "Shipbuilding", sung by Robert Wyatt, reached the 40 top-Columbia.
See also
Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute
Re-establishment of British rule over the Falklands (1833)
Beagle conflict between Chile and Argentina in 1978
Operation Soberana Argentine military planning against Chile
British logistics in the Falklands War
Argentinian air forces in the Falklands War
British air services in the Falklands War
A plan of operation not intended by Algeciras the Argentine military to send Montoneros to sabotage the British military facilities in Gibraltar.
Notes
^ "Falklands 25: Briefing. Ministry of Defence. http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/FactSheets/Falklands25BackgroundBriefing.htm. Retrieved 01/11/2009.
^ ":: Ministerio de Defensa – Argentina Repblica:: "(in Spanish). www.mindef.gov.ar. http://www.mindef.gov.ar/veteranos Malvinas.html. Retrieved 01/11/2009.
^ Location: "War of the Falklands the Falkland Islands" alkland Islands, SLA Malvinas (linkback: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falklands_War)
^ Location: "War Falklands South Georgia Outh "Georgia and South Sandwich Islands, K (linkback: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falklands_War)
^ ab "islands Falkland Islands – A history of the 1982 conflict. Raf.mod.uk. 01.10.2004. Http: / / www.raf.mod.uk / Falklands / rollofhonour.html. Retrieved 7/2/2010.
^ Office Argentine Foreign February 11, 2010
^ Constitucin Nacional: "The Argentina legtima način su ratification inalienable Soberana e sobre las Islas Malvinas Georgias del Sur y Sandwich del Sur y los espacios correspondientes insulares martimos e, por ser parte integral del Territorio Nacional
^ CMO evitar Quebec London convierta a las Malvinas Estado Independiente United Nations ". Clarin.com. http://www.clarin.com/suplementos/zona/2007/04/01/z-03415.htm. Retrieved 07/02/2010 .
^ "Argentina – the horrors of a dictatorship live on the past – Radio Netherlands Worldwide – English". Radionetherlands.nl. 30.03.2006. Http: / / www.radionetherlands.nl/currentaffairs/arg060330mc . Retrieved 7/2/2010.
^ (Spanish) the Malvinas, La Trama Secreta. Buenos Aires: Sudamericana / Planeta. 1983. ISBN 9789503700068. Page [edit]
^ "Ver as that tena el despertar con Orgullo nacional y con otra CSR. Junta nunca me lo dijo Altieri Crey pelea los daran britnicos Quebec. L Quebec Occidente SE CREA corrompido Haba. What Dios los britnicos not tenan, Que Estados Unidos is corrompido Haba … Nunca lo pude Convencions of SLO ellos que no a pelear IBAN, IBAN Quebec Adems a ganar. ("It was or national pride, or anything else. Altieri junta told me never believed the British answer. He thought that the Western world has been corrupted. That the British people was no God, that the U.S. was corrupt … I never could convince him that the British would not only defend but also to win [the war]. ") The način / Islas Malvinas online." Haig: "Malvinas fue mi Waterloo. Http: / / # www.malvinasonline.com.ar/g82/artic/aresp004.htm Haig. Retrieved September 21, 2006. [Dead link] (in Spanish)
^ "Ministerio de Educacin, Ciencia y Tecnologie the način" (PDF). http://www.me.gov.ar/curriform/publica/sirlin_conv_dictadura.pdf. Retrieved 7/2/2010.
Abc ^ Jimmy Burns: The land that lost its heroes, 1987, Bloomsbury Publishing, ISBN 0-7475-0002-9
Aires ^ "''In Aires, Junta comenz a estudiar the posibilidad de las Islas Malvinas y Georgias antes de ocupar los reforzarlas that pudieran britnicos''. Portierramaryaire.com. http://www.portierramaryaire.com/arts/malvinas_1.php. Retrieved 7/2/2010.
^ Briley, Harold (April 9, 1997). "Obituary: Captain Nicholas Barker" (subscription required for access online through newspaper archives NewsUK site). The Independent: p. 16. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2003&res_dat=xri:pqil:res_ver=0.2&res_id=xri:newsuk&rft_id=xri:newsuk:newsart:36868535. Accessed September 23, 2009.
^ "High cost cuts, The Spectator |, The | Find Articles at BNET.com. Findarticles.com. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3724/is_199705/ai_n8781734. Retrieved 7/2/2010.
^ Margolis, Laurie (02/04/2007). "UK | How BBC man dug new invasion." News from the BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6514011.stm. Retrieved 7/2/2010.
^ One Hundred Days Woodward, Admiral Sandy (1992) Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, p.72. ISBN 9781557506511 ISBN 9781557506528. Cited To Rule The Waves: How the British Navy have marked the modern world Herman, A (2004) Harper Collins, New York, p.560
^ Grimmett Richard F. (June 1, 1999). "Foreign Policy Roles of the President and Congress." Department U.S. State. Http: / / # fpc.state.gov/6172.htm President_as_Initiator. Retrieved 24/02/2010.
^ Brown 1987, p. 110
^ ab "submarine Operations during the Falklands War – U.S. Naval War College. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA279554. Retrieved 7/2/2010.
^ "1982: Marines land in southern Georgia. BBC. 25 April 1982. Http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/25/newsid_2503000/2503977.stm. Accessed June 20, 2005.
^ "… For twenty to one of the bombs Port Stanley will take about one million, one hundred thousand pounds of fuel – equaled [sic] about 137,000 gallons. This is enough fuel to fly 260 missions to bomb the Sea Harrier on Port Stanley. Which in turn means that more than 1,300 bombs. Interesting! "Page 186 in Sharkey Ward: Sea Harrier over the Falklands, 1992, Cassell Military Pocket, ISBN 0-304-35542-9
^ "Propaganda was, of course, later used to attempt to justify these missions: "The Mirage III was redesigned from southern Argentina to Buenos Aires to add to Defense ago after the Vulcan raids on the islands. Apparently, the logic behind this statement was that if the Vulcan could hit Port Stanley, the [Sic Buenos Aires] was well within the scope as well and was vulnerable to similar attacks. I'm never with that nonsense. One or two Vulcan Running in the attack in Buenos Aires, without the support of hunting would have been shot to hell in the fast time. "-" Mirage III were in evidence near the islands on several occasions during the conflict or escort reconnaissance missions or Neptune "interference" flights that have tried to attract the attention of the CAP away from air-ground attacks. "-" Just say you do not need more than one Mirage III or two to catch an attack on Buenos Aires Vulcan "-" It would have taken much more than a solitary raid Vulcan upset Buenos Aires pages 247-48 in Sea Harrier over the Falklands
^ "Offensive Air Operations Falklands War. Globalsecurity.org. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1984/DWF.htm. "Due to these heavy losses … It was decided to remove the Mirage III mainland to keep alert for possible attack Vulcan."
^ "The Falkland Islands, 1982 Air Defense: the fleet." Globalsecurity.org. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1984/HJA.htm. Finally, the bombing caused the Argentines feared air attack on the mainland, forcing them to retain some Mirage aircraft and missiles Roland defense. "
^ "La familia Mirage" (in Spanish), Aeroespacio (Fuerza Aerea Argentina), ISSN 0001-9127, http://www.aeroespacio.com.ar/site/anteriores/520-528/520/mirage.htm "" Los defender el territorio M III Debané Argentine continental ataque de los posibles bombarderos Vulcan RAF Escolta brindar a los cazabombarderos the FAA, e impedir los ataque of aviones de la Royal Navy, RAF sobre las Malvinas.
("The Third M defend the Argentine mainland escort provide against possible Attacks by the RAF Vulcan bomber, fighter-bombers to the FAA, and to prevent attacks by aircraft of the Royal Navy and RAF in the Falklands). "
^ "The Falkland Islands, 1982 Air Defense: From The Fleet". Globalsecurity.org. Http: / / www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1984/HJA.htm. " Unfortunately, the British Secretary of State for Defence announced later that England would not bomb targets on the territory Argentine mainland. This statement was undoubtedly welcomed by the Argentine military command, because it allowed the very limited number of Roland SAM be deployed around the airfield at Stanley. "
^ Mottino Rodrguez, Horacio: The Malvinas in Argentina Artilla. Ed Clo, 1985. Page 170
^ "Fuerza Area Argentina. Fuerzaaerea.mil.ar. Http: / / www.fuerzaaerea.mil.ar/conflicto/caidos/baja01.html. Retrieved 7/2/2010.
^ "Noticias". Madryn.gov.ar. 2009-04-02. http://www.madryn.gov.ar/noticias.php?newsid=3213. Retrieved 7/2/2010.
^ Sharkey Ward (2003). Sea Harrier over the Falklands. Cassell. ISBN 0-304-35542-9.
^ "Argentina Fuerza Area. Fuerzaaerea.mil.ar. http://www.fuerzaaerea.mil.ar/conflicto/dias/jun01.html. Retrieved 07/02/2010.
^ "Description ASN Aircraft accident Lockheed C-130H Hercules TC-63 – Pebble Island. Air-safety.net. Http: / / aviation-safety.net/database/record.php? Id = 19820601-0 & lang = en. Retrieved 7/2/2010.
^ Evans, Michael (November 27, 2007). "Underwater and undercover: how nuclear subs were in first line of defense of the Falklands. "Times Online. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article2950936.ece.
^ Admiral Sandy Woodward, a Hundred Days, page 8. ISBN 9780007134670
^ "The SAS vs. Exocet". www.eliteukforces.info. 27/10/2007. http://www.eliteukforces.info/articles/sas-versus-exocets.php # Prof. Retrieved 7/2/2010.
^ Smith, Michael (March 8, 2002). "SAS suicide mission" to clear Exocets. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2002/03/08/nfalk08.xml.
^ Middlebrook, P. 75.
^ The Infante de Marina de la Armada Argentina en el conflicto del Sur Atlntico, ISBN 987-433-641-2
^ Thatcher in the dark about the sinking of the Belgrano -] Times Online [dead link
^ Location: "Bomb Alley" water Carlos alkland Islands (linkback: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falklands_War # Landing_at_San_Carlos_.E2.80.94_Bomb_Alley)
^ Yates, David (2006). Bomb Alley - Falkland Islands 1982. Pen and sword. ISBN 9781844154173. Page [edit]
^ "Americas | Charles tour ends on somber note Falklands. BBC News. 03/15/1999. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/297414.stm. Retrieved 07/02/2010.
^ Rumley, Leesa (2007-06-01). Captain Hart "Dyke, commander of HMS Coventry''''». BBC News. Http: / / news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6705387.stm. Retrieved 7/2/2010.
Ab ^ Sandy Woodward (2003). Hundred Days: The Memoirs of the Battle Group Commander of the Falklands. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-0071-3467-3; 9781557506511 ISBN: ISBN 9781557506528 ..
^ "British Ships Sunk and Damaged – Falklands War of 1982." Naval-history.net. Http://www.naval-history.net/F62brshipslost.htm. Retrieved 7/2/2010.
Gethin Chamberlain ^ (April 5, 2002). "Would British forces in position to take over the Falklands today?" (Subscription required to access the archives). The Scotsman: p. 12. Accessed April 5, 2002. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2003&res_dat=xri:pqil:res_ver=0.2&res_id=xri:newsuk&rft_id=xri:newsuk:newsart:112991016.
^ "Falklands Conflict: Battles: History". Royal Navy. 02/04/1982. Http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/server/show/nav.3956. Retrieved 07/02/2010 .
^ [May 21/27th: 9 Dagger, 5 A-4C, 3 A-4Q, 3 A-4B and two Pucara]
^ Location: "Mount Kent" ount Kent alkland Islands (linkback: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falklands_War # Special_forces_on_Mount_Kent)
^ London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 49134, p. 12854, October 8, 1982. Retrieved February 19, 2010.
^ "Aircraft Argentina in the Falklands. "Britains-smallwars.com. http://www.britains-smallwars.com/Falklands/Exocet.html. Retrieved 7/2/2010.
^ "Army Argentine Air – Group 5. Skyhawk.org. http://www.skyhawk.org/2e/argentina/argentina-af4th5th.htm. Retrieved 7/2/2010.
^ "Super Etendard. Operationcorporate.com. 29/05/2007. http://www.operationco … About the Author

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